| 來源 | 用途 | 交叉反應(yīng)性 | 理論分子量 | 實際分子量 |
| Rabbit | WB, IF, IHC | H, M, R | 11kDa | 12kDa |
WB, Western blot; IP, Immunoprecipitation; IF, Immunofluorescence; IHC, Immunohistochemistry; ICC, Immunocytochemistry; FC, Flow Cytometry; ChIP, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay; ChIP-seq, ChIP-sequencing.
H, Human; M, Mouse; R, Rat; C, Chicken; Cw, Cow; Dg, Dog; Gp, Guinea pig; Hm, Hamster; Hr, Horse; Mk, Monkey; Pg, Pig; Rb, Rabbit; S, Sheep; Z, Zebrafish; All, all species expected.
配套提供了Western一抗稀釋液，可以用于Western檢測或其它適當(dāng)用途時的一抗稀釋。
建議抗體使用時的稀釋比例如下(實際使用時需根據(jù)抗原水平的高低作適當(dāng)調(diào)整)：
| WB | IP | IF | IHC | ICC | FC | ChIP | ChIP-seq |
| 1:500-1:2000 | - | 1:50-1:200 | 1:50-1:200 | 1:50-1:200 | - | - | - |
抗體詳細(xì)信息如下::
| About this Antibody | |
| Name | S100A4 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (KO Validated) |
| Category | Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (pAb); Primary antibody |
| Isotype | IgG |
| Purification method | Affinity purification |
| Positive samples | HeLa, SKOV3 |
| Cellular location | - |
| Customer validation | - |
| About the Immunogen | |
| Immunogen | Recombinant fusion protein of human S100A4 (NP_002952.1). |
| Sequence | MACPLEKALDVMVSTFHKYSGKEGDKFKLNKSELKELLTRELPSFLGKRTDEAAFQKLMSNLDSNRDNEVDFQEYCVFLSCIAMMCNEFFEGFPDKQPRKK |
| Gene ID | 6275 |
| Swiss Prot | P26447 |
| Synonyms | S100A4; 18A2; 42A; CAPL; FSP1; MTS1; P9KA; PEL98; protein S100-A4 |
| Category | MAPK/Erk in GPCR Signaling |
| Background | Despite their relatively small size (8-12 kDa) and uncomplicated architecture, S100 proteins regulate a variety of cellular processes such as cell growth and motility, cell cycle progression, transcription, and differentiation. To date, 25 members have been identified, including S100A1-S100A18, trichohyalin, filaggrin, repetin, S100P, and S100Z, making it the largest group in the EF-hand, calcium-binding protein family. Interestingly, 14 S100 genes are clustered on human chromosome 1q21, a region of genomic instability. Research studies have demonstrated that significant correlation exists between aberrant S100 protein expression and cancer progression. S100 proteins primarily mediate immune responses in various tissue types but are also involved in neuronal development. Each S100 monomer bears two EF-hand motifs and can bind up to two molecules of calcium (or other divalent cation in some instances). Structural evidence shows that S100 proteins form antiparallel homo- or heterodimers that coordinate binding partner proximity in a calcium-dependent (and sometimes calcium-independent) manner. Although structurally and functionally similar, individual members show restricted tissue distribution, are localized in specific cellular compartments, and display unique protein binding partners, which suggests that each plays a specific role in various signaling pathways. In addition to an intracellular role, some S100 proteins have been shown to act as receptors for extracellular ligands or are secreted and exhibit cytokine-like activities. Research studies have shown that S100A4 is overexpressed in highly metastatic cancers, which makes it useful as a marker of tumor progression and may serve as a prognostic factor in several cancer types. S100A4 exerts its function via direct interaction with a number of proteins including P53, P63, nonmuscle myosin IIA, α6β4 integrin, and liprin b1. S100A4 is present in the nucleus, cytoplasm and extracellular space. Intracellular and extracellular S100A4 both promote cell migration via interaction with different proteins. Researchers have recently discovered that S100A4 also functions as a neuroprotectant in the peripheral nervous system. |
包裝清單：
| 產(chǎn)品編號 | 產(chǎn)品名稱 | 包裝 |
| AF5291 | S100A4 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (KO Validated) | 50μl |
| AZ050 | Western一抗稀釋液 | 50ml |
| — | 說明書 | 1份 |
保存條件：
S100A4 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (KO Validated) -20ºC保存，Western一抗稀釋液-20ºC或4ºC保存，一年有效。Western一抗稀釋液優(yōu)先推薦4ºC保存，長期不使用可以考慮-20ºC保存，但凍融可能會導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)輕微的渾濁和少量不溶物。
注意事項：
如果本抗體用于Western blot (WB)、免疫熒光(IF)、免疫細(xì)胞化學(xué)(ICC)等實驗，請注意回收使用過的稀釋抗體�；厥盏目贵w通常至少可以重復(fù)使用5-10次。稀釋后的抗體，包括已經(jīng)使用過的稀釋抗體，請4℃保存。
回收后重復(fù)使用的抗體，使用方法同新鮮稀釋的抗體。如果在重復(fù)使用過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)抗體出現(xiàn)輕微混濁現(xiàn)象，可以10,000g離心1-3分鐘，取上清用于后續(xù)檢測。如果回收的抗體出現(xiàn)明顯的絮狀物或長霉長菌等情況，則可以考慮廢棄該抗體。
提供的Western一抗稀釋液也可以用于免疫熒光(IF)、免疫組化(IHC)、免疫細(xì)胞化學(xué)(ICC)等適當(dāng)用途。如果希望獲得最佳的檢測效果，請考慮使用上述檢測專用的一抗稀釋液。
本產(chǎn)品僅限于專業(yè)人員的科學(xué)研究用，不得用于臨床診斷或治療，不得用于食品或藥品，不得存放于普通住宅內(nèi)。
為了您的安全和健康，請穿實驗服并戴一次性手套操作。
代表性圖片：
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| Fig. 1. Western blot analysis of extracts of various cell lines, using S100A4 antibody at 1:1000 dilution. Secondary antibody: HRP-labeled Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG(H+L) (A0208) at 1:1000 dilution. Lysates/proteins: 25µg per lane. Blocking buffer: QuickBlock™ Blocking Buffer (P0231). Detection: BeyoECL Star (P0018A). Exposure time:1s. | Fig. 2. Western blot analysis of extracts from normal (control) and S100A4 knockout (KO) HeLa cells, using S100A4 antibody at 1:1000 dilution. Secondary antibody: HRP-labeled Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG(H+L) (A0208) at 1:1000 dilution. Lysates/proteins: 25µg per lane. Blocking buffer: QuickBlock™ Blocking Buffer (P0231). Detection: BeyoECL Star (P0018A) . Exposure time:1s. |
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| Fig. 3. Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded rat brain using S100A4 antibody at dilution of 1:100 (40x lens). | Fig. 4. Immunofluorescence analysis of RAW264.7 cells using S100A4 antibody at dilution of 1:100. Blue: DAPI for nuclear staining. |
