英文名稱GAPDH-Loading Control
中文名稱3-磷酸甘油醛脫氫酶（內(nèi)參）單克隆抗體
別 名38 kDa BFA-dependent ADP-ribosylation substrate; Aging-associated gene 9 protein; BARS-38; cb609; EC 1.2.1.12; G3PD; G3PDH; GAPD; Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase;Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase liver;Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase muscle; KNC-NDS6; MGC102544; MGC102546; MGC103190; MGC103191; MGC105239; MGC127711; MGC88685; OCAS, p38 component; OCT1 coactivator in S phase, 38-KD component; wu:fb33a10.
研究領(lǐng)域腫瘤 細胞生物 免疫學 神經(jīng)生物學 新陳代謝
抗體來源Mouse
克隆類型Monoclonal
克 隆 號4F8
交叉反應(yīng)Human, Mouse, Rat, Pig, (predicted: Chicken, Dog, Rabbit, Sheep, Hamster, Monkey, )
產(chǎn)品應(yīng)用WB=1:5000-20000 IHC-P=1:100-500 ICC=1:100 （石蠟切片需做抗原修復(fù)）
not yet tested in other applications.
optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
分 子 量38kDa
細胞定位細胞核 細胞漿 細胞膜
性 狀Liquid
濃 度1mg/ml
免 疫 原Recombinded Human GAPDH :
亞 型IgG
純化方法affinity purified by Protein G
儲 存 液0.01M TBS(pH7.4) with 1% BSA, 0.03% Proclin300 and 50% Glycerol.
保存條件Shipped at 4℃. Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
PubMedPubMed
產(chǎn)品介紹Loading Control
Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is well known as one of the key enzymes involved in glycolysis. As well as functioning as a glycolytic enzyme in cytoplasm, recent evidence suggests that mammalian GAPDH is also involved in a great number of intracellular proceses such as membrane fusion, microtubule bundling, phosphotransferase activity, nuclear RNA export, DNA replication, and DNA repair. During the last decade a lot of data appeared concerning the role of GAPDH in different pathologies including prostate cancer progression, programmed neuronal cell death, age related neuronal diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease. GAPDH is expressed in all cells. It is constitutively expressed in almost all tissues at high levels. There are however some physiological factors such as hypoxia and diabetes that increase GAPDH expression in certain cell types. GAPDH molecule is composed of four 36kDa subunits.
Function:
Has both glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and nitrosylase activities, thereby playing a role in glycolysis and nuclear functions, respectively. Participates in nuclear events including transcription, RNA transport, DNA replication and apoptosis. Nuclear functions are probably due to the nitrosylase activity that mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of nuclear target proteins such as SIRT1, HDAC2 and PRKDC. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the first step of the pathway by converting D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate.
Subunit:
Homotetramer. Interacts with TPPP; the interaction is direct. Interacts (when S-nitrosylated) with SIAH1; leading to nuclear translocation. Interacts with RILPL1/GOSPEL, leading to prevent the interaction between GAPDH and SIAH1 and prevent nuclear translocation. Interacts with EIF1AD, USP25, PRKCI and WARS.
Subcellular Location:
Cytoplasm, cytosol. Nucleus. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Membrane. Note=Translocates to the nucleus following S-nitrosylation and interaction with SIAH1, which contains a nuclear localization signal. Postnuclear and Perinuclear regions.
Post-translational modifications:
S-nitrosylation of Cys-152 leads to interaction with SIAH1, followed by translocation to the nucleus.
ISGylated (Probable).
Sulfhydration at Cys-152 increases catalytic activity.
Similarity:
Belongs to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
SWISS:
P04406
Gene ID:
2597
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 374193 Chicken
Entrez Gene: 2597 Human
Entrez Gene: 100042025 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 14433 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 24383 Rat
Entrez Gene: 685186 Rat
Entrez Gene: 317743 Zebrafish
Omim: 138400 Human
SwissProt: P00356 Chicken
SwissProt: P04406 Human
SwissProt: P16858 Mouse
SwissProt: P04797 Rat
SwissProt: Q5XJ10 Zebrafish
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
GAPDH蛋白幾乎在所有組織中都高水平表達，廣泛用作Western blot蛋白質(zhì)標準化的內(nèi)參,是很好的內(nèi)參抗體。
GAPDH 作為管家基因在同種細胞或者組織中的蛋白質(zhì)表達量一般是恒定的。在實驗中，可能存在總蛋白濃度測定不準確；或者蛋白質(zhì)樣品在電泳前上樣時產(chǎn)生的樣品間的操作誤差；這些誤差需要通過測定每個樣品中實際轉(zhuǎn)到膜上的GAPDH的含量來進行校正，所以一般的western實驗都需要進行內(nèi)參設(shè)置。具體校正的方法就是將每個樣品測得的目的蛋白含量與本樣品的GAPDH含量相除，得到每個樣品目的蛋白的相對含量。然后才進行樣品與樣品之間的比較。
甘油醛-3-磷酸脫氫酶（Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase，GAPDH）是糖酵解（glycolysis）過程中的關(guān)鍵酶。除了在胞質(zhì)中作為糖酵解的酶以外，有證據(jù)表明哺乳動物細胞中的GAPDH參與了多種胞內(nèi)生化過程，包括膜融合（membrane fusion）、微管成束（microtubule bundling）、磷酸轉(zhuǎn)移酶（phosphotransferase）激活、核內(nèi)RNA出核、DNA復(fù)制與DNA修復(fù)。一些生理因素，諸如低氧（hypoxia）和尿糖（diabetes），可以增加GAPDH在特定細胞中的表達。GAPDH存在于幾乎所有的組織中，以高水平持續(xù)表達。
GAPDH（甘油醛-3-磷酸脫氫酶）是參與糖酵解的一種關(guān)鍵酶，由4個30－40kDa的亞基組成.
| 產(chǎn)品圖片 |  Sample: Lane1: Skin (Mouse) Lysate at 40 ug Lane2: Testis (Mouse) Lysate at 40 ug Lane3: Adrenal gland (Mouse) Lysate at 40 ug Lane4: Lung (Rat) Lysate at 30 ug Primary: Anti-GAPDH (bsm-33033M) at 1/1 000 dilution Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Mouse IgG at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 38 kD Observed band size: 38 kD  Sample: A549 Cell Lysate at 25 ug 293T Cell Lysate at 40 ug Primary: Anti-GAPDH(bsm-33033M)at 1/5000 dilution Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-RabbitIgG at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 38kD Observed band size: 38kD  Sample: H9C2 Cell (Rat) Lysate at 40 ug U87MG Cell (Human) Lysate at 40 ug Hela Cell (Human) Lysate at 40 ug Primary: Anti- GAPDH (bsm-33033M) at 1/2 000 dilution Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Mouse IgG at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 38 kD Observed band size: 35 kD  Sample: Cerebrum (Rat) Lysate at 40 ug Primary: Anti-GAPDH (bsm-33033M) at 1/2000~1/20000 dilution Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Mouse IgG at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 38 kD Observed band size: 36 kD  Sample: Hela (Human) Lysate at 40 ug Primary: Anti-GAPDH (bsm-33033M) at 1/2000~1/20000 dilution Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Mouse IgG at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 38 kD Observed band size: 36 kD  Sample: Lane 1: Hela (Human) Cell Lysate at 30 ug Lane 2: NIH/3T3 (Mouse) Cell Lysate at 30 ug Lane 3: Cerebrum (Mouse) Lysate at 40 ug Lane 4: Cerebrum (Rat) Lysate at 40 ug Lane 5: Testis (Mouse) Lysate at 40 ug Lane 6: Testis (Rat) Lysate at 40 ug Lane 7: Kidney (Mouse) Lysate at 40 ug Lane 8: HUVEC (Human) Cell Lysate at 30 ug Lane 9: A549 (Human) Cell Lysate at 30 ug Lane 10: MCF-7 (Human) Cell Lysate at 30 ug Primary: Anti-GAPDH (bsm-33033M) at 1/1000 dilution Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Mouse IgG at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 36 kD Observed band size: 36 kD  Sample: A431(Human) Cell Lysate at 30 ug Hela(Human) Cell Lysate at 30 ug Jurkat(Human) Cell Lysate at 30 ug LOVO(Human) Cell Lysate at 30 ug Primary: Anti- GAPDH (bsm-33033M) at 1/1000 dilution Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Mouse IgG at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 38 kD Observed band size: 35 kD  Sample: Hyperpituitarism (Mouse) Lysate at 40 ug Primary: Anti- GAPDH (bsm-33033M) at 1/5000 dilution Secondary: IRDye800CW Goat Anti-Mouse IgG at 1/20000 dilution Predicted band size: 38 kD Observed band size: 34 kD  Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (human gastric); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH-Loading Control) Monoclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (bsm-33033M ) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Mouse)(sp-0024) instructionsand DAB staining.  Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (human colon carcinoma); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH-Loading Control) Monoclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (bsm-33033M ) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Mouse)(sp-0024) instructionsand DAB staining.  Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (rat brain); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH-Loading Control) Monoclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (bsm-33033M ) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Mouse)(sp-0024) instructionsand DAB staining.  Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (mouse brain); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH-Loading Control) Monoclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (bsm-33033M) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Mouse)(sp-0024) instructionsand DAB staining.  Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (human gastric carcinoma); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH-Loading Control) Monoclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (bsm-33033M) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Mouse)(sp-0024) instructionsand DAB staining.  Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (human gastric); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH-Loading Control) Monoclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (bsm-33033M) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Mouse)(sp-0024) instructionsand DAB staining.  Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (Human kidney); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH-Loading Control) Monoclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (bsm-33033M) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Mouse)(sp-0024) instructionsand DAB staining.  Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (rat brain); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH-Loading Control) Monoclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (bsm-33033M) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Mouse)(sp-0024) instructionsand DAB staining.  Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (mouse brain); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH-Loading Control) Monoclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (ascites of bsm-33033M-4E8) at 1:2000 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Mouse) (sp-0024) instructions and DAB staining.  Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (rat brain); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH-Loading Control) Monoclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (ascites of bsm-33033M-4E8) at 1:2000 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Mouse) (sp-0024) instructions and DAB staining.  Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (rat spleen); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH-Loading Control) Monoclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (ascites of bsm-33033M-4E8) at 1:2000 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Mouse) (sp-0024) instructions and DAB staining.  Tissue/cell:Hela cell; 4% Paraformaldehyde-fixed; Triton X-100 at room temperature for 20 min; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum, C-0005) at 37°C for 20 min; Antibody incubation with (GAPDH-Loading Control) monoclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (bsm-33033M) 1:100, 90 minutes at 37°C; followed by a CY3 conjugated Goat Anti-Mouse IgG antibody at 37°C for 90 minutes, DAPI (blue, C02-04002) was used to stain the cell nuclei. |
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